Operating System (OS):
An Operating system consists of a set of programs which controls, co-ordinates and supervises the activities of the various components of a computer system. Its function is to link between the computer hardware and the user.
An operating system is a software or a series of programmes, which performs various types of functions in order to manage and organize file so".
Objectives: 
- To describe the basic organization of computer systems.
- To provide a grand tour of the major components of operating systems.
- Provide more convenient environment for users.
- Provide maximum utilized performance to users as per hardware existance.
Computer Startup:
When a computer starts up there are lot of services and programs are executed in our systems. There is a main program named Bootstrap Program is loaded firstly when a system rebooted or power-up.
This Bootstrap program is typically stored in ROM or EPROM, it is generally known as firmware of a computer. After executing this program it initializes the all aspects of that system and then loads system kernal and then starts executing the operating system programs.
FIRMWARE:
A Firmware is data that is stored on a computer or other hardware device's ROM (read-only memory) that provides instruction on how that device should operate. Unlike normal software, firmware cannot be changed or deleted by an end-user without using special programs, and remains on that device whether it's on or off.
Some important functions of an Operating System:
- Memory Management
- Process Management
- Device Management
- File Management
- Security
- Control over System Performance
- Job Accounting
- Error Detection
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Great info in short.
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